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ZEMAX supports a huge range different types of surfaces. Surfaces may be freely combined to model virtually any optical system. All surfaces have free parameters which describe the properties of the surface. All parameters may be optimised.

Surface Properties dialog box

Surfaces are chosen from a simple drop-down list. In addition to a comprehensive range of surfaces, ZEMAX has a comprehensive range of apertures.

First, there is a system aperture which defines the size of the beam traveling through the optics on axis. This aperture may be specified by the entrance pupil diameter, infinite or finite conjugate F/#, numerical aperture, cone angle, or by the system stop size.

General_system.gif (7931 bytes)
ZEMAX lets you specify the system aperture in whatever method is most appropriate for the system you are designing.

ZEMAX can trace rays which are launched either at the paraxial pupil, or at the real, aberrated pupil. This feature is absolutely essential in wide angle and fast optical systems.

There are also apertures which only allow a portion of the beam to pass. ZEMAX supports circular, annular, rectangular, elliptical, and spider shaped apertures. Obscurations are the complement to apertures, and they are also available in circular, annular, rectangular, and elliptical forms.

apertures.gif (5849 bytes)

The User Aperture and User Obscuration allow you to define your own, arbitrarily-shaped apertures and obscurations. Arbitrary user defined apertures and both phase and amplitude transmission masks may be defined and placed anywhere in the optical system. Arbitrary transmission may be a function of any parameter, such as position, angle, or wavelength.

ZEMAX accounts for the effects of apertures, obscurations, vignetting, and aberrated pupils in all computations.

ZEMAX also gives you several ways to model arbitrary shaped surfaces. A Grid surface allows you to define a surface as as list of (x,y,z) coordinates. This is extremely useful. For example, imagine you need to design a large mirror, and have modelled it in a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package to study how much is deforms under its own weight. Using the Grid surface, you can easily import the data from the FEA package, and model the optical properties of the deformed mirror.

If you need to use a surface type that ZEMAX does not support, then you can write your own surface as an external program and simply link it to ZEMAX.

Sequential Surface Types

ZEMAX supports sequential ray-tracing through surfaces bounding refractive, reflective, diffractive or gradient index media. Sequential surface types are summarised in the following list.

Type
Description
Standard
Includes planes, spheres, and conics
Even aspheric
Polynomial asphere with even powers
Odd aspheric
Polynomial with even and odd powers
Paraxial lens
A perfect thin lens
Paraxial cylinder
A perfect thin cylinder lens
Toroidal
Cylindrical aspheres and toroids
Toroidal grating
A toroid with a grating superimposed
Toroidal hologram
A toroid with a hologram superimposed
Tilted
For modeling planes and wedges
Cubic spline
A spline of arbitrary shape
Irregular
For modeling fabrication errors
Hologram
Two point optically fabricated hologram
Diffraction grating
Straight line grating, standard substrate
Coordinate break
Tilts and decenters of element groups
Polynomial
Nonsymmetric polynomial asphere
Fresnel
Fresnel zone aspheric
ABCD
Paraxial ABCD for "black box" optics
Alternate
Alternate surface intersection suface
Conjugate
Two point perfect image surface
Gradient index
Axial, radial, transverse, user defined
Zernike
Sag defined by Zernike polynomials
Zernike phase
Phase defined by Zernike polynomials
Extended polynomial
Up to 189 term polynomial term asphere
Binary optic 1
Up to 189 term phase profile polynomial
Binary optic 2
Up to 198th power diffractive optic
Extended asphere
Up to 198th power rotational asphere
Extended spline
Up to 198 arbitrary points define sag
Extended Fresnel
Aspheric Fresnel on curved base
Elliptical grating
Elliptical grating geometry
Superconic
A unique aspheric expansion
Atmospheric
Atmospheric refraction model
Biconic
Anamorphic conic asphere
Grid phase/sag
Phase or sag defined by tabular points
Zone plate
Fresnel Zone Plate surface model
Jones matrix
For polarizing components
Birefringent
Uniaxial crystal, extraordinary/ordinary
User defined
Refractive, reflective, diffractive, GRIN

 

User-Defined Surfaces

For those cases where a specialized surface is required, ZEMAX supports a user defined surface. The user defined surface is compiled code in a Windows DLL.

USERDEFINED.GIF (12084 bytes)

A lens array user-defined surface. This shows and n by m array of conic aspheric lenses, and is just one example of the power of the user surface approach.

For customers that do not have the desire or ability to program specialized surface types, Optima Research offers this service at a reasonable cost. The vast majority of optics applications do not require custom surface types. The following user defined surfaces, as well as many others, are included with ZEMAX as both examples and as ready to use compiled surfaces:

Anamorphic Asphere
An unusual XY aspheric surface
Lens Array
An array of conic aspheric lenses
Cylinder Array
An array of aspheric cylinder lenses
Grating Cylinder
Cylindrical surface with grating lines
Filter Surface
Arbitrary transmission mask example
GRIN Cylinder
Gradient fiber perpendicular to beam
Offset Surface
Surface with variable thickness by colour



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