ZEMAX
supports a huge range different types of surfaces. Surfaces may
be freely combined to model virtually any optical system. All
surfaces have free parameters which describe the properties of
the surface. All parameters may be optimised.

Surfaces are
chosen from a simple drop-down list. In addition to a comprehensive
range of surfaces, ZEMAX has a comprehensive range of apertures.
First, there
is a system aperture which defines the size of the beam traveling
through the optics on axis. This aperture may be specified by
the entrance pupil diameter, infinite or finite conjugate F/#,
numerical aperture, cone angle, or by the system stop size.

ZEMAX
lets you specify the system aperture in whatever method
is most appropriate for the system you are designing.
|
ZEMAX can trace
rays which are launched either at the paraxial pupil, or at
the real, aberrated pupil. This feature is absolutely essential
in wide angle and fast optical systems.
There are also apertures which only allow a portion of the beam
to pass. ZEMAX supports circular, annular, rectangular, elliptical,
and spider shaped apertures. Obscurations are the complement
to apertures, and they are also available in circular, annular,
rectangular, and elliptical forms.

The User Aperture
and User Obscuration allow you to define your own, arbitrarily-shaped
apertures and obscurations. Arbitrary user defined apertures
and both phase and amplitude transmission masks may be defined
and placed anywhere in the optical system. Arbitrary transmission
may be a function of any parameter, such as position, angle,
or wavelength.
ZEMAX accounts for the effects of apertures, obscurations, vignetting,
and aberrated pupils in all computations.
ZEMAX also
gives you several ways to model arbitrary shaped surfaces. A
Grid surface allows you to define a surface as as list of (x,y,z)
coordinates. This is extremely useful. For example, imagine
you need to design a large mirror, and have modelled it in a
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package to study how much is deforms
under its own weight. Using the Grid surface, you can easily
import the data from the FEA package, and model the optical
properties of the deformed mirror.
If you need
to use a surface type that ZEMAX does not support, then you
can write your own surface as an external program and simply
link it to ZEMAX.
Sequential Surface Types
ZEMAX supports
sequential ray-tracing through surfaces bounding refractive,
reflective, diffractive or gradient index media. Sequential
surface types are summarised in the following list.
Type
|
Description
|
Standard
|
Includes
planes, spheres, and conics
|
Even
aspheric
|
Polynomial
asphere with even powers
|
Odd
aspheric
|
Polynomial
with even and odd powers
|
Paraxial
lens
|
A
perfect thin lens
|
Paraxial
cylinder
|
A
perfect thin cylinder lens
|
Toroidal
|
Cylindrical
aspheres and toroids
|
Toroidal
grating
|
A
toroid with a grating superimposed
|
Toroidal
hologram
|
A
toroid with a hologram superimposed
|
Tilted
|
For
modeling planes and wedges
|
Cubic
spline
|
A
spline of arbitrary shape
|
Irregular
|
For
modeling fabrication errors
|
Hologram
|
Two
point optically fabricated hologram
|
Diffraction
grating
|
Straight
line grating, standard substrate
|
Coordinate
break
|
Tilts
and decenters of element groups
|
Polynomial
|
Nonsymmetric
polynomial asphere
|
Fresnel
|
Fresnel
zone aspheric
|
ABCD
|
Paraxial
ABCD for "black box" optics
|
Alternate
|
Alternate
surface intersection suface
|
Conjugate
|
Two
point perfect image surface
|
Gradient
index
|
Axial,
radial, transverse, user defined
|
Zernike
|
Sag
defined by Zernike polynomials
|
Zernike
phase
|
Phase
defined by Zernike polynomials
|
Extended
polynomial
|
Up
to 189 term polynomial term asphere
|
Binary
optic 1
|
Up
to 189 term phase profile polynomial
|
Binary
optic 2
|
Up
to 198th power diffractive optic
|
Extended
asphere
|
Up
to 198th power rotational asphere
|
Extended
spline
|
Up
to 198 arbitrary points define sag
|
Extended
Fresnel
|
Aspheric
Fresnel on curved base
|
Elliptical
grating
|
Elliptical
grating geometry
|
Superconic
|
A
unique aspheric expansion
|
Atmospheric
|
Atmospheric
refraction model
|
Biconic
|
Anamorphic
conic asphere
|
Grid
phase/sag
|
Phase
or sag defined by tabular points
|
Zone
plate
|
Fresnel
Zone Plate surface model
|
Jones
matrix
|
For
polarizing components
|
Birefringent
|
Uniaxial
crystal, extraordinary/ordinary
|
User
defined
|
Refractive,
reflective, diffractive, GRIN
|
User-Defined Surfaces
For those cases
where a specialized surface is required, ZEMAX supports a user
defined surface. The user defined surface is compiled code in
a Windows DLL.
 |
A
lens array user-defined surface. This shows and n by m
array of conic aspheric lenses, and is just one example
of the power of the user surface approach.
|
For customers
that do not have the desire or ability to program specialized
surface types, Optima Research offers this service at a reasonable
cost. The vast majority of optics applications do not require
custom surface types. The following user defined surfaces, as
well as many others, are included with ZEMAX as both examples
and as ready to use compiled surfaces:
Anamorphic
Asphere
|
An
unusual XY aspheric surface
|
Lens
Array
|
An
array of conic aspheric lenses
|
Cylinder
Array
|
An
array of aspheric cylinder lenses
|
Grating
Cylinder
|
Cylindrical
surface with grating lines
|
Filter
Surface
|
Arbitrary
transmission mask example
|
GRIN
Cylinder
|
Gradient
fiber perpendicular to beam
|
Offset
Surface
|
Surface
with variable thickness by colour
|